Investigating the Linkage between Extreme Rainstorms and Concurrent Synoptic Features: A Case Study in Henan, Central China

Extraordinary floods are linked with heavy rainstorm systems. Among various systems, their synoptic features can be quite different. The understanding of extreme rainstorms by causative processes may assist in flood frequency analysis and support the evaluation any changes occurrence magnitudes. This paper aims to identify most dominant meteorological factors for rainstorms, using ERA5 hourly reanalysis dataset Henan, central China as a case study. Past 72 h precipitation events investigated, six potential considered this study, including precipitable water (PW), average temperature (Tavg) difference (Tdiff) between value at 850 hPa 500 hPa, relative humidity (RH), convective available energy (CAPE), vertical wind velocity (Wind). drivers each event factor given location identified proposed metrics based on cumulative distribution function (CDF). In China, Wind PW summer, while CAPE highly related winter. For Zhengzhou city particularly, is key driver summer plays role winter events. It indicates that strong transport vapor atmospheric instability should receive more attention from managers planners resources. On contrary, temperature-related have least contribution study area. provide insights further estimations forecasts.